The number and diversity of ST approaches has exploded in recent years. Ideas tackling technical challenges of resolution, sensitivity, and throughput gave rise to the current boom of technological development. This is reflected in publication count, patents filed, and companies started ...

Physical and human resources (time) are costly and require large upfront investment. For iST physical resources include custom-built (HT-MERFISH), high-resolution (FLIR BFS-U3_200S6M-C for CosMx), and expensive (e.g. Nikon Ti Eclipse) microscope setups. Often these are equipped with multiple additional lasers (5+ lasers for Cell Paint) to enable barcoding and multiplexing in situ, further increasing cost ...

A cell without its context is not a complete cell. The adult human body is made up of 28-36 trillion cells (1), each of which are distinct entities performing a specific function in a local micro niche. Structurally, each cell is distinguished by its organelles: a nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, cytoskeleton, and multiple ribosomes are key constituents bound by the plasma membrane.

Why does global finance need one settlement layer? It doesn't necessarily, after all we already have a financial system which runs on many distinct databases. However the improvement in speed, security and interoperability when your system is connected through a standardized layer to all other systems is hard to deny …

In this post, I propose an extreme way to make Ethereum instances lightweight. I call it the Franchised Sequencer. I’ve pitched it to many of you in the Ethereum community over the past couple of years, but never put pen to paper.

The Franchised Sequencer allows normal apps to run on Ethereum. It stores just a fingerprint of the app’s state on Ethereum. It is private, as many apps prefer to be, but can also be compliant …

Ever since I first heard the term, the "DAO" or Decentralized Autonomous Organization, has captured my imagination in a way few other technological ideas have in my career. When BlueYard hosted our first mini-conference, Decentralized & Encrypted, in Berlin in 2016 the conversation between the participants orbited around the original DAO (called simply "The DAO", which was subsequently and notoriously hacked) and the directions this new economic lifeform might take …

There are 3 main ways for liquidity to be unified across L2 networks, and one enhancement to improve their speed. These methods have different trade-offs but complement each other …

In recent years, forces have converged to enable a new mechanism for software development at scale: the entrenchment of collaborative, API-drivable software development platforms such as GitHub, the trustless payment and contract systems of crypto networks, and the rapid acceleration of artificial intelligence, especially in the adoption and very quick optimization of large language models …

In the previous post in this series, we laid out an argument that for DAOs to realize their potential as composable building blocks, they need to evolve to be truly programmable entities whose contracts implement the core functionality of each respective DAO …

Web3 has provided a breakthrough in the coordination of machines and capital. No prior technology, incentive scheme, legal system or coordination mechanism has ever scaled and aligned networks of capital and machines so rapidly …